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Associate Professor of Translational Neuroscience
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Dr. Clark has worked with the MRN since 2002, first as Director of Neuroscience, then as Scientific Director from 2006 to 2009, recruiting scientists and helping MRN to expand into new areas of research, such as addiction, accelerated learning, and multimodal imaging. In association with the Department of Psychology at UNM (http://www.psych.unm.edu), where he is currently serving as director of the new Clinical Neuroscience Center being built in Logan Hall, he and his associates use a variety of tools to investigate the relationship between mind and brain. He employs structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as well as other methods to examine human brain structure and function. Using these tools, he is investigating the basic organizational principles of perception, learning, memory, attention and language in healthy individuals. He also uses these methods to examine the neural basis of psychiatric disorders such as drug and gambling addiction, psychopathy and schizophrenia. He is developing new methods of data analysis for combining data from different imaging techniques in order to gain fundamentally new information on human brain structure and function, called multimodal imaging, and is using this and other methods to expand the boundaries of brain imaging techniques. His most recent area of research examines how DCS can be used to increase learning and performance in healthy subjects, and the mechanisms by which tDCS produces changes in brain function and behavior. Brain stimulation may lead to a variety of innovations in classroom education and professional training, along with new treatments for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Education
• B.S., Psychobiology, University of California, Los Angeles
• Ph.D., Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
• Postdoc, Functional Brain Imaging, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH
Positions
• 1986-1987   Research Assistant, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
• 1993-1997   Institutional Research Training Assistantship, Section on Functional Brain Imaging (James Haxby, Ph.D., PI) and Laboratory of Brain and Cognition (Leslie Ungerleider, Ph.D., PI) National Institute of Mental Health, NIH
• 1997-2002   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut
• 2002-Present   Associate Professor, Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico
• 2003-2006   Director of Neuroscience, The Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute, Albuquerque, NM
• 2006-2009   Scientific Director, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
• 2006-Present   Co-Founder and Area Head, Doctoral Program in Cognition, Brain and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
• 2010-Present   Director, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico
Other Experience and Professional Memberships
• 2001-Present   Editorial Board Member, Human Brain Mapping
• 2008-2010      Chair (elected), Education Committee, Organization for Human Brain Mapping
• 2010-Present    Editor, NeuroImage
Selected Peer-Reviewed Publications
1. Â Â Â Clark, V.P., Fannon, S., Lai, S., Benson, R., Bauer, L. (2000). Responses to rare visual target and distractor stimuli using event-related fMRI. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83(5): 3133-3139.
2. Â Â Â Leyba L, Mayer AR, Gollub RL, Andreasen NC, Clark VP. (2008). Smoking status as a potential confound in the BOLD response of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res.; 104(1-3):79-84.
3.    Demirci, O., Clark, V.P., Calhoun, V.D. (2008). A projection pursuit application to detect schizophrenia using fMRI data. NeuroImage, 39(4):1774-82. NIHMS40904
4.    Demirci, O., Clark, V.P., Magnotta, V.A., Andreasen, N.C., Lauriello, J., Kiehl, K.A., Pearlson, G.D., Calhoun, V.D.  (2008). A review of challenges in the use of fMRI for disease classification / characterization and a projection pursuit application from multi-site fMRI schizophrenia study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2(3):207-226.
5. Â Â Â Burge, J., Lane, T., Link, H., Qiu, S., Clark, V.P. (2009). Discrete dynamic Bayesian network analysis of fMRI data. Human Brain Mapping, 30(1):122-137.
Additional recent publications
1. Â Â Â Clark, V.P., Courchesne, E., and Grafe, M. (1992). In vivo myeloarchitectonic analysis of human striate and extrastriate cortex using magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral Cortex, 2: 417-424.
2.    Clark, V.P. and Hillyard, S.A. (1996). Spatial selective attention affects early extrastriate but not striate components of the visual evoked potential. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(5): 387-402.
3.    Clark, V.P., Kiehl, K., Maisog, J.Ma., Courtney, S.M., Ungerleider, L.G., and Haxby, J.V. (1996). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human visual cortex during face matching: A comparison with positron emission tomography. NeuroImage, 4(1): 1-15.
4.    Clark, V.P., Parasuraman, R., Keil, K., Kulansky, R., Fannon, S., Maisog, J .Ma., Ungerleider, L., Haxby, J.V. (1997). Selective attention to face identity and color studied with fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 5: 293-297.
5. Â Â Â Clark, V.P., Fannon, S., Lai, S., Benson, R. (2001). Paradigm-dependent modulation of event-related fMRI activity evoked by the oddball task. Human Brain Mapping, 14(2): 116-127.
6.    Clark, V.P., Lai, S., Deckel, A.W. (2002). Altered functional MRI responses in Huntington’s disease. Neuroreport, 13(5):703-706.
7.    Clark, V.P. (2002). Orthogonal polynomial regression for the detection of response variability in event-related fMRI. NeuroImage, 17, 344-363.
8.    Stevens, M.C., Clark, V.P., Prestwood, K.M. (2005). Low-dose estradiol alters brain activity. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 139(3):199-217.
9.    Sui, J., Adali, T., Pearlson, G.D., Clark, VP, Calhoun, VD. (2009). A method for accurate group difference detection by constraining the mixing coefficients in an ICA framework. Human Brain Mapping, 30(9), 2953-2970.
10.   Michael, A.M., Baum, S.A., Demirci, O., Segall, J., Jung, R., Clark, V.P., Bockholt, H.J., Gollub, R.L., Roffman, J.L., Ho, B.C., Andreasen, N.C., Lim, K.O., White, T., Schulz, S.C., Calhoun, V.D. (In Press). Does function follow form?: Methods to fuse structural and functional brain images show decreased linkage in schizophrenia. NeuroImage.
Research Support
Ongoing Research Support
R21AA017313      (PI: Robert Thoma, Ph.D.)   09/30/2007 – 08/31/2010
Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol (NIAAA, NIH)
This project examines normal and alcohol-impaired adolescent neurodevelopment via multimodal assessment of healthy brain growth, brain growth under alcohol stress and recovery from that stress, and brain growth in those at high risk for drinking, using MRS, structural MRI, EEG and MEG.
Role: Co-Investigator
K23 AA016544       (PI: Robert Thoma, Ph.D.)    09/30/2006 – 08/31/2011
Brain and Behavioral Impairment in Alcohol Dependence and Schizophrenia (NIAAA, NIH )
This training program focuses on clinical alcohol, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging assessment of patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence to establish EEG- and MEG-assessed auditory sensory gating as a biomarker for alcohol dependence. Â
Role: Mentor
R01 DA020870       (PI: Kent Kiehl, Ph.D.)   09/30/2005 – 07/31/2010
Neurocognitive Change Associated with Behavioral Treatment (NIDA, NIH)
Examines effects of addiction treatment on brain function. Specifically, tests the efficacy of SET therapy compared to Relapse Prevention and Addiction Counseling, to delineate the functional architecture underlying risk for relapse in cocaine abusers using fMRI and EEG.
Role: Co-Investigator
1 P20 RR021938-01    (PI: Calhoun)   09/08/2008 – 06/30/2013
COBRE: Neural Mechanisms of Schizophrenia: Use of Multiple Neuroimaging Tools to Examine Dysfunctions (NCRR, NIH)
in Neural Integration Examines functional and anatomical connectivity in schizophrenia using multimodal neuroimaging techniques and analyses.Â
Role: Mentor
1R01DA026505      (PI: Kiehl)    09/01/2009 – 05/31/2014
Socio-Moral Processing in Psychopathy and Substance Abuse (NIDA, NIH)
The societal cost of crime is $1.33 Trillion per year or $4400 per every man, woman, and child in the United States. Mental health and addiction disorders are some of the most common conditions associated with criminal behavior. This proposal seeks to understand the brain systems associated with moral decision-making in male offenders with mental health and addiction problems. This research is designed to help reduce the burden of mental health, addiction, and crime in society.
Role: Co-Investigator
R01MH085010      (PI: Kiehl)    07/17/2009 – 04/30/2014    Â
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Female Psychopathy (NIMH, NIH )
The goal is to understand the brain systems in female offenders with mental health and addiction problems.
Role: Co-Investigator
Completed Research Support
NBCHC070103Â Â Â Â Â Â (PI: V. Clark)Â Â Â 6/25/2007 - 3/28/2009
Brain Stimulation to Accelerate Learning of Threat Detection (DARPA)
Examines the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on brain networks associated with perceptual learning of threat discrimination and response. Uses fMRI and MEG to identify brain networks associated with threat detection, and ICA/DBN to identify brain networks associated with the task, and that are modified with learning, and with TDCS.
Role: Principle Investigator
R03 DA022435 Â Â Â Â Â Â (PI: Andrew Mayer, Ph.D.)Â Â Â 8/6/2007 - 7/31/2009
Multimodal Imaging of the Sensory Gating Deficit in Chronic Cocaine Abusers (NIDA, NIH)
Examines the relationship between drug use in cocaine dependent patients and comorbidity with sensory gating measured using fMRI.
Role: Co-Investigator
S06 GM008136-3Â Â Â Â Â Â (PI: James Kroger, Ph.D.)Â Â Â 6/1/2006 - 5/31/2008
The Functional Role of Frontopolar Cortex: Dynamics of Recruitment (NIGMS, NIH)
Examines frontopolar activity associated with individual differences in learning and problem solving style using fMRI combined with EEG and modeling of behavioral data.
Role: Consultant
R01 MH076282       (PI: Terran Lane, Ph.D.)   09/20/2005 – 08/31/2009
CRNCS: Bayesian Analysis of Neural-Behavioral Interactions in Mental Illness (NIMH, NIH)
Applies Bayesian statistical methods to the study of alterations in the neural networks of psychiatric patients, in collaboration with the Mind Research Network.
Role: Co-Investigator
R01 DA012852       (PI: V. Clark)   09/30/2001 – 06/30/2007
Neural Function in Cocaine Dependence and Relapse (NIDA, NIH)
This project used ER-fMRI and ERPs along with neuropsychological and psychiatric testing to identify markers for increased risk of relapse in recovering cocaine and amphetamine addicts. Results suggest that activity recorded using fMRI from ventral anterior and posterior cingulate, along with adjacent frontal and para-limbic areas, predict relapse in recovering addicts with greater accuracy than other measures that can be obtained.
Role: Principle Investigator
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